History Of International Paper Company - 1112 Words

1. History of International Paper Company International Paper Company was incorporated January 31, 1898, upon the merger of 18 pulp and paper mills in the northeastern United States. Its founders and first two presidents were William Augustus Russell and Hugh J Chisholm. The newly formed company supplied 60 percent of all newsprint in the country. Through many changes it has become one of the largest producers of paper and paper products and had facilities in twenty-four countries. The company now manufactures plastic lids and paper cups for fast-food giants like McDonald s, Wendy s and Subway. They also produce printer and copier paper, envelopes, corrugated packaging and shipping containers, consumer packaging for cosmetics and home entertainment. International Paper has made advantageous changes to stay competitive and profitable in the industry and to reduce their carbon footprint on the environment as times and conditions have changed. 2. The Growing Momentum to Introduce Sustainability to the Modern Corporation. Global leaders are making a turn toward sustainability and thus lessening their carbon footprint on the environment. One such company which has joined in the global change toward sustainability is International Paper Company. Paper companies have long been criticized for the harm done to the environment. Environmentalists have criticized paper companies for years because of the pollution from their manufacturingShow MoreRelatedInternational Paper1255 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment Two: Final Paper Heather Smith Jour 3400 April 28, 2010 The largest paper company in the world sits right here in Memphis, Tennessee, International Paper Company. They manufacture in North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia and North Africa. International Paper was established in 1898 and has grown to house 113,000 employees. The company achieves their success from the goals they stand for: â€Å"Good corporate governanceRead MoreCorporate Sustainability And The Social, Environmental And Financial Performance Of International Paper Company1373 Words   |  6 Pagesfinancial performance of International Paper Company. â€Å"Today we see a growing momentum to reduce carbon footprints and co-create new social and economic structures.† (http://www.interfaceglobal.com/ Company/Leadership-Team/Ray-Watch. aspx) Sustainability consists of environmental and social performance as well as financial performance. Companies which can incorporate these strong values and cultures are becoming more the norm than not. Many studies now show that most companies have adapted some formRead MoreGeneral Definitions. Before Going Into The Background Of1504 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Walt Disney Company and its theme parks, it is necessary to define some terms that are used throughout the paper. These terms are defined as the researcher understands them as a former cast member of the Walt Disney Company. The first term that needs to be defined is â€Å"guest†. Instead of calling people who visit their theme parks customers, the Walt Disney Company refers to visitors of their theme parks as guests. This is to keep up with the show and the storytelling of the company since Disney isRead MoreParis Protocol960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Decision to Leave the Paris Agreement Will Hurt the US and the World D’Angelo, Elias. Global Climate Change: International Perspectives and Responses. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. 2009. Elias D’Angelo’s book Global Climate Change: International Perspectives and Responses examines the global response to climate change. It provides a history of climate change, discusses perspectives of various nations and policies that have been implemented in order to reduce greenhouse gases, and the resultsRead MoreSouthwest Airlines Company Case Analysis739 Words   |  3 PagesSouthwest Airlines Company Team B Kyle Forbes Cheryl Kessler Adam Paquette Nina Scarpino Louie E. Watson BADM364-Global Issues Mount Washington College July 29, 2014 Abstract Cheryl Kessler Research topic: Southwest Airlines Company is looking to establish a global presence in either Vietnam or Spain. This research paper is to help analyze both countries and to determine which of the two countries Southwest Airlines Company should enter. The second purpose of this research paper is to determineRead MoreInternational Accounting Standards1317 Words   |  6 PagesInternational Accounting Standards What is the International Accounting Standards Board? This paper will give a brief overview on the history of the International Accounting Standards, starting with the role of the IASC Foundation, the structure of the IASB and the number of accounting standards currently published. Next, it will explain the steps in creating an international accounting standard in accordance with due process and it will show the mailing address and phone number. Lastly, there willRead MoreThe Impact Of Gaap And Ifrs On Accounting Programs923 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature Review had four categories; â€Å"a brief history of IFRS, a summary of reports from countries that have adopted IFRS, a summary of two surveys performed with accounting educators in the U.S. regarding curriculum impact, and a discussion on curriculum and human capital impact.† (Bandypadhyay, J. McGee, P.F., 2012) There were forty-two different sources cited in this review. The Literature Review discussed the history of I FRS beginning with the International Accounting Standard Committee (IASC) inRead MoreAccounting Standards Boards Paper 41437 Words   |  6 PagesAccounting Standards Boards Paper University of Phoenix ACC 541—Accounting theory and Research Professor: Cecil B. Lucy Lien Bach October 26, 2010 Introduction Accounting was created thousand years ago. Many companies use accounting system to record, maintain and report, and analyze business financial transactions. Because managers and investors make their business decisions based on Financial Statement, information obtained from Financial Statement must be concise and reliable. BudgetsRead MoreWalt Disney Company And Its International Theme Parks1112 Words   |  5 Pages Before discussing the cultural missteps taken by the Walt Disney Company (TWDC) at their international theme parks, a quick overview of the company and its international theme parks will be given. The Walt Disney Company is an entertainment conglomerate with business divisions in movies, television, radio, theater, publishing, and theme parks. Since the focus of this paper is international theme parks, only a brief history of the American theme parks will be discussed. Walt Disney thought of theRead MoreKohls Corporation1123 Words   |  5 PagesCardinal Stritch University Managerial Finance ADM 406 January 27, 2016 Introduction The New York Times states, â€Å"Kohl’s Corporation is a specialty department store. As of January 31, 2015, the company operated 1,162 department stores in 49 states and e- commerce website (www. Kohl’s.com). The company sells private label, and national brand apparel, foot wear, accessories, and beauty and home products. Kohl’s Corporation is one of the largest discount department store chains in the United States

One of the Most Disregarded Systems for Writing Service Online

One of the Most Disregarded Systems for Writing Service Online The Key to Successful Writing Service Online You've got to abide by the guidelines from the college you're making use of to. In such times it is strongly recommended to seek out expert help from best academic writing on the net to supply students with the guidance and mentoring for them to fulfill their academic paper requirements and deliver their assignments punctually. Students from all around the world are attempting to discover expert essay writing service. Ignore the reviews and actually speak to the writers before you take advantage of an essay writing service. Make sure you're picking a genuine essay writing service instead of just some bogus content mill. A personalized essay writing service can help it become straightforward for you to find the grades you want to be successful in your classes and graduate with the confidence to accept the true world. Employing the exact same essay writing service and collecting points may be an extra method you may utilize. In all honesty, paying someone to compose your essay isn't ideal. The essay should force you to look like a real expert, who can view the make a difference from various angles and discover the benefits and flaws in it. If writing is critical for you when you read, you can begin with an outline draft first where you mention the most crucial points. You've got to practice and practice to enhance the skills of writing a superb essay. As soon as you have published your purchase and the writers have begun applying for it, you may still change your order information, like the range of pages, the title, or the instructions for your paper. No writing service will inform you that their writers are bad. All their writers have to be qualified professionally and academically. Our experienced writers are prepared to help all clients. Third, an expert service always requires an individual approach to every customer. The Support Team won't be in a position to restore your account too. There are quite many of online expert CV providers from the united kingdom, US, Canada, Australia and other nations too. Even though the site is based in US, all rates are international and worldwide students may use the site. So whenever your price was determined now you can pick the services that fit your financial plan. The price that you pay for the expert services of article writing is a little investment in your business enterprise growth. So, in the event you desire to understand your writer's specific place, you're totally free to request such information from him or her directly in chat. Adequate job positions need decent payment. A good deal of services out there have pictures beside their reviews. Another reason why they need to employ the assistance of article writing to produce its content is free for other crucial tasks of marketing online. Only platinum quality orders are going to receive an SMS message once the order is complete. Some of them are going to even provide 40% discount on the very first purchase. An open field of communication is critical when it comes to any on-line services. By producing a website you wish to rank on Google or other search engines for certain keywords that you require quality content on your website and tons of it. Operations management Operations Management is the procedure for addressing the procedure and functionalities of an organization. To make it simpler for you to compose a vital analysis essay, we've got a valuable analysis writing template that will steer you through the most vital points. A research paper is an all-inclusive academic paper that demands the student to do extensive research pertaining to a certain subject relevant to their coursework. Extensive research is essential to select polished material in the essay. Research should be carried out. Academic writing can be stressful and sometimes one might be confused on how to begin and the way to finish. In school, students may pick the main, but they're not always totally free to pick all the disciplines. So many students, particularly in america and the uk, buy an essay and other customized papers online.

Trauma and Culture Counselling for Medical - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theTrauma and Culture Counsellingfor Medical Care. Answer: There has been a strong relationship between trauma and culture. The traumatic experiences of an individual become an integral part of life and universal in occurrence and manifestation. It demands cooperation from the cultures in the form of support, treatment, healing, medical care, counseling and interventions. To understand the concepts of trauma and cultural systems in depth, it is important to understand the dimensions and the pattern of both the concepts (France, del Carmen Rodrguez Hett, 2012). There are different types of the reasons behind the traumatic experiences, such as, childhood abuse, terrorism, domestic violence, natural disasters, civil war in the country, warfare, etc. and it affects psychologically as well as physically. Trauma can cause deep harms to the self-confidence, personal identity and ego strength of a person and the effects can remain life long, hampering his or her normal, social and cultural life. At the same time, cultures are simple as well as comp lex in terms of dealing with the traumatized people. The social structure of the cultures has significant effects on the treatment of the traumatized people. Different cultures use different mechanisms to help people with such experiences (Iqbal, 2015). Trauma refers to the extreme psychological and physical stress reactions from different types of events affecting the normal life of a person. According to Delauney (2012), it is a resultant effect from any event, circumstances, or series of events, experienced by a person, which are emotionally or physically harmful and have long lasting negative effects on his or her normal life and spiritual, social, physical or emotional well-being. For some, domestic abuse is traumatic, while for some, the natural disaster that wiped out their families is a traumatic event. The 5th edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) defines trauma as the situation when a person is open to the elements of threatened or actual physical injury, death or sexual abuse(American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Trauma was characterized broadly by Caruth (2016). He defined it as the sudden and forced event that hampers an individuals capacity to react. Trauma is not always physical harm to oneself, rather it often includes various other events causing emotional harm. According to Wilson (2012), traumatic experiences can lead to various types of mental health disorders such as Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorders, mood disorders, i.e. extreme depression, etc. The effect of trauma are sometimes subtle, dangerous or destructive. These effects are dependent on the nature of the individual, type of the events, process of developments, vastness of the event, and socio cultural and economic factors. When the impacts become too much, a person needs medical help, as well as support from the society to recover. The attitude of the society towards a traumatic victim depends on the culture. It is important to know the influence of culture on trauma. LaCapra (2014), says that human beings generally tend to make sense and explain the experiences. In the process of explaining, the culturally influenced beliefs come into play. This is a determining factor of the treatment and the healing process; as this would also be influenced by culture of the patient, and it would decide if the treatment would be effective. The medical studies have shown that many health practices are not accepted in many societies due to some traditional beliefs. Similarly, the traumatic patients often reject many counseling advices due to some social and cultural beliefs. They do not become open to the medical practices and that leads to more suffering. According to Antze Lambek (2016), to treat the traumatic patients, understanding of culture is very essential. It helps to understand the background, race, ethnicity, age, race, citizenship status, gender identity, spirituality, and other social economic factors that would help in supporting the patients. The cultural beliefs of people also influence the reactions to the traumatic events. If a person had been abused in his or her childhood, then the person would suffer from this experience throughout his or her life, but the way of reacting to this event depends on the socio cultural background of the person. Different societies deal with such victims in different ways. For example, if a woman is raped in a Middle East country, then the victim is punished rather than the people who committed the crime. Such events create very deep scars among the trauma victims and they often cannot recover from that. Hence, it is evaluated in the medical science that, different cultural approaches are required for treating different types of trauma. The harmony in the relations with society and nature; personal vulnerability caused by the trauma; mental balance; illness resulting from that trauma and effects on health, mind and spirit are the influential factors of the type of counseling and treatment. If the counselor can understand the victims culture correctly, then it becomes easier for him to evaluate the situation and treat the patients in the most beneficial and effective way (Holmes et al., 2015). Counseling is one of the most effective treatment processes for the traumatized people. When people are unable cope up with traumatic experiences in life, then they need medical help. In most cases, people reach out to their families and friends for emotional support. However, when they cannot open up in front of their near and dear ones, they need professional help. The first step of such treatment is counseling. The counselors listen to their problems and give them advice to cope up with the situation accordingly (An introduction to counseling, 2015). It is a challenge for the counselors to understand the patient, know his or her background and guide them accordingly. Culture again plays a vital role in this. If a counselor has profound knowledge about the culture and socio economic background of the trauma victim, then he can guide the person according to his or her cultural beliefs. This way he ensures that the victim would follow his advice and can recover from the trauma. Counseling is not just about two people; it also includes the characteristics, which incorporate the culture of the modern societies (Shalev, Yehuda McFarlane, 2013). Di Prete (2016), described the story of Paula in his writing. He wrote that, Paula and her friend were hit hard by a car accident. It became a trauma for her and she started to shy away from her family, friends, works and life. Finally, she was taken to a counselor. The counselor started with giving her a homework sheet to fill up with the accident story every day. In next session, he recorded an audio tape with the narration of the accident story by Paula herself and told Paula to listen to that tape until she got bored. After that, he told her to remember the good and positive pre-accident memories in the next session. This way he treated her with dignity and respect and listened to everything she had to say attentively. After few sessions, Paula recovered completely from her trauma and started to live her normal life again. In this example, culture was a vital part too. Had the counselor ignored the cultural beliefs of Paula, he could have never understood her mentality accurately and would have treated her differently, which would have a negative impact on her (Ardino, 2014). The above example proves that counselors must be culturally sensitive as well as must evaluate the victims in the cultural framework. Victims, who are from the collectivist culture, find it difficult to report or talk about any traumatic experiences to others. It is a social responsibility of the counselor to respect that aspect and guide them in a way, which would be beneficial for them. He should respect their culture rather than impose his own cultural view on them. If the counseling process is aligned with the victims cultural belief, they would follow those for recovery; otherwise the advice could be harmful for them by making them ore disconnected (Sanderson, 2014). From the above discussion, it can be concluded that, trauma and culture are quite interlinked. Many cultural factors can create trauma to a person, while, in many cases, the cultural aspects help in the way of counseling of the traumatized person. In modern world, people are stressed about everything in life, but, when the stress become unbearable due to any particular event, the person fails to respond rationally and becomes a victim of trauma. There are many disorders of trauma, known as PTSD. When the traumatized people cannot cope up with it, they either harm themselves or seek for professional help. There comes the role of the counselors. The counselors help them with advice on how to deal with trauma and how to live life again by recovering. In all these things, culture is one of the most vital parts. If the society and its culture are liberal, then a traumatized person can get support from the society in the recovery process. Therefore, it can be said that, trauma and culture counseling is a very important part of the medical science, as well as for the wellbeing of the society as a whole. References: American Psychiatric Association.Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013. An introduction to counselling. (2015). Retrieved 16 May 2017, from https://www.mheducation.co.uk/openup/chapters/0335211895.pdf Antze, P., Lambek, M. (Eds.). (2016).Tense past: Cultural essays in trauma and memory. Routledge. Ardino, V. (2014). Trauma-Informed Care: Is Cultural Competence A Viable Solution For Efficient Policy Strategies?. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 11(1), 45-51. Retrieved from https://www.clinicalneuropsychiatry.org/pdf/ardinoweb.pdf Caruth, C. (2016).Unclaimed experience: Trauma, narrative, and history. JHU Press. Delauney, T. (2012). Fractured culture: educare as a healing approach to indigenous trauma.Science in Society. Di Prete, L. (2016).Foreign Bodies: Trauma, Corporeality, and Textuality in Contemporary American Culture. Routledge. France, M. H., del Carmen Rodrguez, M., Hett, G. G. (Eds.). (2012).Diversity, Culture and Counselling: A Canadian Perspective, 2e. Brush Education. Holmes, C., Levy, M., Smith, A., Pinne, S., Neese, P. (2015). A model for creating a supportive trauma-informed culture for children in preschool settings.Journal of child and family studies,24(6), 1650-1659. Iqbal, A. (2015). The ethical considerations of counselling psychologists working with trauma: Is there a risk of vicarious traumatisation.Counselling Psychology Review,30(1), 44-51. LaCapra, D. (2014).Writing history, writing trauma. JHU Press. Sanderson, C. (2014). Introduction to Counselling Survivors of Interpersonal Trauma (1st ed.). Shalev, A. Y., Yehuda, R., McFarlane, A. (Eds.). (2013).International handbook of human response to trauma. Springer Science Business Media. Wilson, J. P. (2012). The Lens of Culture: Theoretical and Conceptual Perspectives in the Assessment of Psychological Trauma and PTSD. InCross-cultural assessment of psychological trauma and PTSD(pp. 3-30). Springer US.

Janet Hoffman -1- Essays - 9, , Term Papers

Janet Hoffman -1- Sociology July 10, 2000 SILENT VOICE When I read the chapter on The De-Voicing of Society, I have to say that I was not surprised. I saw this coming back in the 1960's. But I never really believed that as we grew and evolved that it would escalate to the point where people would become obsolete in many areas. Certainly we have advanced greatly in technology, but I think that we may have gone to far. People must never be replaced by machines. I have always had a voice,but just didn't use it when at critical periods of my life. I advocate free speech at every turn. Machines should enhance it, but certainty not replace our right to use our collective voices. If we can advance in technology, then we must advance as humans right along with it, and not allow ourselves to be a faceless, voiceless being. We must never ever depersonalize ourselves from society. In recent times, and using my own experience , I can now look back and understand just how isolated one can become when one is locked away in a cubicle or a room for years at a time, using only a television or radio as a source of human voice. Or using a phone for that much needed contact. My reaction to our silenced voices it that of genuine concern.Every human being needs personal contact. We are not meant to live a life of isolation. I suppose if we choose to do that on our own accord, while not healthy, it is our choice. However, when technology gets to the point where we are being replaced by machines, then I for one have a problem with it. If I had to equate a silent voice, then I would start with my own life. The last two years of my marriage, I had totally isolated myself from any human source. Not because I wanted to, but because it was a means to survive. I was so isolated. The only voices I heard was from the television or the radio and sometimes the phone. Sometimes calling an eight hundred number just to hear another living breathing person. It was during this time, that I purchased a computer. Which ultimately became my life line. While I could not hear the voice of those I chatted with, there came a time when I for some unexplainable reason became very close to someone, and would actually reach out and touch the computer screen at the same time he did. Neither of us know what it would` serve, but both of us knew that our isolation had to end. We both realized the need for human contact. Conversation, laughter. I might have gone on to look back at this and laugh and think how stupid how naive we both were. But that never happened. Our isolation from humans came to us because we had been hurt by others. Yet both of us were still human and both very vulnerable. Today we are both very dear friends, and we often remind each other that via this media, it showed us that even through the written word we could communicate, but we needed to hear the voice of another. We both recognized the world had changed so much. Writing then became paramount to me. It enabled me to see things that perhaps I never would have before. The Internet was a God send for me, and a definite life line to so many others that I have since gotten to know and have helped. Today all of us have moved beyond that time in our lives, and none of us is isolated at least from ourselves. We vowed to be vocal and not be silenced for any reason. Through my experience with this, I have come to know and understand that while we have advanced in so many areas from the time we were babies, we have lost the all important thing. Togetherness. I don't need to live in anyone's pocket and surely there comes a time when we want our quiet moments to reflect, yet I will always want to hear a voice. I won't let a day go by without expression of my thoughts. Making the decision to return to school, has enabled me to talk aloud everyday. While I may not be

The Economic Explanation for Americas Depression

The Economic Explanation for Americas Depression Free Online Research Papers In present day America, 25% of the entire population has been diagnosed with and is undergoing treatment for some type of depression [â€Å"One out of Four Diagnosed† www.minefully.org]. Because it is such a common occurrence, the American people have seemingly accepted depression, whether minor or major, as a social norm. What the general public has failed to recognize is that most U.S. Pharmaceutical companies promote their products for the sole financial benefit of their company versus the diagnosed individual. The relatively recent occurrence and contemporary rise in the amount of people diagnosed with depression is far too coincidental with that of Pharmaceutical stocks and their net worth, currently booming the billions. Reviewed and analyzed in this essay are the glitches in the system and tips on how not to fall into the traps of the modern day medical industry. Depression is generally single-handedly diagnosed by either a physician, who medically treats depression, or a psychiatrist, a specialist in human emotion. The saying â€Å"Never go to a Doctor whose office plants have died† [Greenberg 36] relays a strong message of the importance of professional looking practices. Anytime you walk into a doctor’s office, you are bound to be surrounded by advertisements, pamphlets, and even free samples for various prescription drugs; it is almost like shopping in a â€Å"Sam’s Club†! All of those things have a purpose for being there, and that purpose is to influence people to use medication to solve their health problems. Behind the array of display cards and informational packets lies one thing: pharmaceutical companies and their interest in the American people’s money. Members of our society are exceedingly consumed with appearance and embody a materialized sense of perfection that blinds them from seeing the mo tivations behind corporate actions. All medical examiners, from psychotherapists to pediatricians, benefit from advertising for Pharmaceutical companies, and vice versa. In California’s Official Health Care Report, the quality of statewide health care appeared to vary greatly by general popularity [â€Å"CA Quality Health Care Report† www.opa.ca.gov]. Much like adolescents select brand named clothing over generics, the most sponsored and commercialized health care facilities happened to lead the charts when it came to the number of patients, but not necessarily in their recovery rates [â€Å"CA Quality Health Care Report 2003-2005† www.opa.ca.gov]. Pharmaceutical companies unfairly benefit the â€Å"name brand† consumer over the â€Å"generic† consumer by offering larger discounts with higher premiums and by callously denying sometimes vital medications to those who simply cannot afford them. Two of our nation’s principal misers, doctors and pharmaceutical companies monopolize the market, essentially scheming our people without a hint of remorse. Not only are the individuals behind the diagnosis often corrupt, but so are the tests in which they gather their information. In the diagnosis there are no blood or urine samples taken, only personal information gathered and questioners answered. Originally used to diagnose depression, the HAM-D (Hamilton Department Rating Scale) was a biased test that produced flawed results and in turn many incorrect diagnoses’. For those reasons it was revised by medical experts; the result of those revisions was the popular and extensively accredited SCID (Structured Clinical Interview). Although it is presently the most commonly used form of diagnosis, it only increased diagnosis accuracy (patient success rates) by about 20% overall [â€Å"CA Quality Health Care Report† www.opa.gov]. Perhaps the reason the success rates haven’t notably inclined is because the tests genuinely have no guarantee of any accurate result. Asking indirect questions and taking natural emotional occu rrences to extremes, the tests seem more of a persuasion tactic than a supposed step toward recovery. Basing the test on the assumption of the individual, it asks similar questions in a repetitive fashion, focusing on casual neurovegative signs like sleep and appetite. Declared a hoax by psychotherapist and freelance writer Dr. Gary Greenburg, he commented that â€Å"Whatever my score on the SCID, it was hard to believe that (Dr.) Papakostas really thought I had Major Depression† [Greenburg 37]; involved in a study, Greenburg himself was mistakenly diagnosed with depression. On a test where the symptoms are all to casual, uncertainly is not an option; all questions require either a direct yes or no answer bubbled onto the answer sheet. Due to the lack of dedication to and interest in creating fair and legitimate tests, it could be said that government funded research has fizzled down to the sloppy and unsure collection of raw data that our doctors need to keep their sponsors happy. Shooting at a specific target with no set aim, one must question the legitimacy of a test issuing 2 of 17 points to a patient for merely denying they are ill at all. Last but not least is the issue of personal reaction to both prescription anti-depressants and their treatment plans. Anti-depressant medications are essentially chemicals that enter the body directly, altering its chemical makeup and supposedly achieving a desired balance. Ironically enough, a major argument by both Pharmaceuticals and doctors alike in the defense of prescription drugs is one that questions patient hope for and dedication to their recovery. If prescriptions were chemical solutions to chemical problems, then such factors would be irrelevant when it came to patient recovery. This concretely defends the psychological factor in depression treatment, also known as the Placebo Effect. In the same study involving Mr. Greenburg, it was found that in over half the trails used to approve the leading anti-depressant meds, the drugs failed to outperform their placebos. Even more shocking, the minimal advantage of the successful prescriptions over the placebos was an average of two points on the HAM-D scale [Greenburg 40]; this two point difference could be altered to the placebo’s benefit by a heartier meal or deeper sleep. In conclusion, the groundbreaking claim that 80% of prescription drug effects are actually placebo effects [Kirsch 40] isn’t so hard to believe after all. Furthermore, the American people have been brainwashed by the United States’ medical industry as a whole, and one must question what it will take to reverse that. In the last 40 years alone, there have been 100 new afflictions added to the lists diagnosing depression, and the number will only continue to grow; we cannot let the belief that any amount of happiness is enough work its way into our consumer economy. One day, people will come to embrace this phrase voiced by Norman Cousins: â€Å"The human body experiences a gravitational pull in the direction of hope. That is why patients` hopes are the physician’s secret weapon. They are the hidden ingredients in any prescriptions†. When we come to recognize the economics behind depression and embrace the power of the human mind, our people will discover the innate solution to man’s most agonizing illness. Research Papers on The Economic Explanation for America's DepressionMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL analysis of IndiaQuebec and CanadaThe Project Managment Office SystemResearch Process Part OneGenetic Engineering

Biography of Philip Emeagwali, Computer Pioneer

Biography of Philip Emeagwali, Computer Pioneer Philip Emeagwali (born August 23, 1954) is a Nigerian-American computer scientist. He achieved distributed computing breakthroughs that helped lead to the development of the internet. His work with simultaneous calculations on connected microprocessors earned him a Gordon Bell Prize, considered the Nobel Prize of computing. Fast Facts: Philip Emeagwali Occupation: Computer scientistBorn: August 23, 1954 in Akure, NigeriaSpouse: Dale BrownChild: Ijeoma EmeagwaliKey Achievement: 1989 Gordon Bell Prize from the Institute of Electronics and Electrical EngineersNotable Quote: My focus is not on solving natures deeper mysteries. It is on using natures deeper mysteries to solve important societal problems. Early Life in Africa Born in Akure, a village in Nigeria, Philip Emeagwali was the oldest in a family of nine children. His family and neighbors considered him a prodigy because of his skills as a math student. His father spent a significant amount of time nurturing his sons education. By the time Emeagwali reached high school, his facility with numbers had earned him the nickname Calculus. Fifteen months after Emeagwalis high school education began, the Nigerian Civil War broke out, and his family, part of the Nigerian Igbo tribe, fled to the eastern part of the country. He found himself drafted into the army of the seceding state Biafra. Emeagwalis family lived in a refugee camp until the war ended in 1970. More than half a million of Biafrans died of starvation during the Nigerian Civil War. The Philip Emeagwali Family in 1962. Wikimedia Commons / Creative Commons 4.0 After the war ended, Philip Emeagwali doggedly continued to pursue his education. He attended school in Onitsha, Nigeria, and walked two hours to and from school each day. Unfortunately, he had to drop out due to financial problems. After continuing to study, he passed a high school equivalency exam administered by the University of London in 1973. The education efforts paid off when Emeagwali earned a scholarship to attend college in the U.S. College Education Philip Emeagwali traveled to the U.S. in 1974 to attend Oregon State University. Upon arrival, in the course of one week, he used a telephone, visited a library, and saw a computer for the first time. He earned his degree in mathematics in 1977. Later, he attended George Washington University to earn a Masters degree in Ocean and Marine Engineering. He also holds a second Masters from the University of Maryland in applied mathematics. While attending the University of Michigan on a doctoral fellowship in the 1980s, Emeagwali began work on a project to use computers to help identify untapped underground oil reservoirs. He grew up in Nigeria, an oil-rich country, and he was someone who both understood computers and how to drill for oil. Conflict over control of oil production was one of the critical causes of the Nigerian Civil War. Computing Achievements Initially, Philip Emeagwali worked on the oil discovery problem using a supercomputer. However, he decided it was more efficient to use thousands of widely distributed microprocessors to do his calculations instead of tying up eight expensive supercomputers. He discovered an unused computer at the Los Alamos National Laboratory formerly used to simulate nuclear explosions. It was dubbed the Connection Machine. Emeagwali began hooking up over 60,000 microprocessors. Ultimately, the Connection Machine, programmed remotely from Emeagwalis apartment in Ann Arbor, Michigan, ran more than 3.1 billion calculations per second and correctly identified the amount of oil in a simulated reservoir. The computing speed was faster than that achieved by a Cray supercomputer. Wikimedia Commons / Creative Commons 4.0 Describing his inspiration for the breakthrough, Emeagwali said that he remembered observing bees in nature. He saw their way of working together and communicating with each other was inherently more efficient than trying to accomplish tasks separately. He wanted to make computers emulate the construction and operation of a beehives honeycomb. Philip Emeagwalis primary achievement wasnt about oil. He demonstrated a practical and inexpensive way to allow computers to speak with each other and collaborate all around the world. The key to his achievement was programming each microprocessor to talk with six other neighboring microprocessors at the same time. The discovery ultimately helped lead toward the development of the internet. Legacy Emeagwalis work earned him the Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers Gordon Bell Prize in 1989, considered the Nobel Prize of computing. He continues to work on computing problems, including models to describe and predict the weather, and has earned more than one hundred honors for his breakthrough achievements. Emeagwali is one of the most prominent African-American inventors of the 20th century.

District School and School Boundary Research Paper

District School and School Boundary - Research Paper Example Some schools or districts use an alternative term for this category and usually refer to it as intermediary school or junior high school. Junior high schools usually refer to schools that engulfs grade seven through nine, while intermediate schools cover grades three through five or sometimes when these grades are separated from elementary schools. Finally, the high school category that includes grades nine through twelve. Sometimes it may incorporate grade seven and above. There are numerous cases where high school covers only grades ten to twelve, and this category is sometimes regarded as senior high school. All categories of the schools that have been discussed herein are responsible for the management of district schools. Public schools are public learning institutions that are managed by school districts that are independently instituted dependent school systems or special purpose governments. These management systems are controlled and closely governed by local and state gover nment (Suzanne and O'Neill, 2007). Notably, district schools are never interfered with by the nation’s politic since they are legally independent body corporate and politic (Daniel and Aladjem, 2006). District learning institutions or the district schools are regarded as local government that have the same mandates and powers as those of a county or township that include eminent domain and taxation. However, the Virginia district divisions have taxing system within its district authority; thus, depends it must seek aid of other local governments including city, county, or town authorities for funding the school. The district school governing body is typically elected through the direct voting system. Nonetheless, the entire governing organ can be appointed by officials within the government (Suzanne and O'Neill, 2007). The district school governing body also known as stakeholders include school board, board of education, board of trustees, school committee, local school board s, district leaders, district accountability committee, school leaders, and school accountability committee. The superintendent is appointed by this body. Normally, an experienced pubic school administrator is appointed in the position of the superintendent. The superintendent’s functions are likened to those of districts chief executive. That is carrying and executing everyday’s decision making and implementing the institutions policies and strategies. Additionally, the school board may be mandated with responsibility such as quasi-judicial functions in matters relating to a serious student or employee discipline matters (Tierney and Fairchild, 2011). All the stakeholders within the school system have varies responsibilities; thus, they are expected to be accountable and supportive along their lines of duty. Other than the mentioned above, the district school stakeholders also include the parents (Suzanne and O'Neill, 2007). Every stakeholder has its own different con tribution to the school success. The Education Department is responsible for ensuring that high-quality information is provided to varied stakeholders including the students, especially concerning the school and district performance. This department is mandated to evaluating the performance of each and every public school, districts, and states applying the already stipulated set of common academic performance indicators (Tierney and

Report Analysis Quantitative Methods In B&M Statistics Project

Report Analysis Quantitative Methods In B&M - Statistics Project Example Thus, the countries or rather the observations are listed in a single column randomly; no alphabetical order is followed. Moreover, the four variables are listed in four different columns in order to link a country with its specific numeric variable. Thus, the outlay of the data makes it easy to read, analyze, interpret and even draw comparisons among the observations. From the summary above, GDP is the only variable which has no mode. Moreover, it has a positive skewness which implies that the data is evenly distributed. For the Inflation rate and employment rate variables, the data is negatively skewed. This implies the data is unevenly distributed. Finally, the Unemployment Rate variable has a positive skewness, with the median less than the mean. Thus, the data or rather the observations in this column are evenly distributed. From the above summary, the Gross Domestic Product is dependent on Inflation rate, Employment rate and Unemployment rate. Thus, the regression model that shows a relationship between the dependent and independent variables is as follows: Thus, inflation in a country alongside a high unemployment rate will definitely reduce the GDP. Moreover, placing all the variables at zero, the average GPD according to the model will be the Y- Intercept, for this case

Opportunity to make this film Essay Example for Free

Opportunity to make this film Essay Let him have it, Chris are the words used by Derek. The audience could interpret this statement in two different ways as an instruction to shoot or as a request to hand the weapon over. The audience is led to believe that Bentley meant the latter, but Craig interprets the line in the first way. He fires at the detective, wounding him in the shoulder. The impulsive movement of the camera and the unmistakeable sound of a gunshot are both used, with great effect, to scandalize the audience. The detective then retreats for cover, verbally and physically abusing Derek, Have you got a fucking gun, too, eh? He pushes him hard against the wall using his own body as a ram. This may have been to increase his levels of cover, reducing a possible target, but the audience think of it as intimidating Derek. The detective then proceeds to caution Bentley, but groans with pain before he can finish. He then finds the knuckle duster Bentley is carrying, a present from Craig. He seems to blame Bentley, forcing him against the wall, causing the audience to feel sorry for him even though what he has done is clearly wrong. The next scene is showing Craig reloading his weapon behind an access point to the roof. After each round he loads into the magazine, a police officer is shown in a police station being handed a gun before running out of shot. This gives the viewers the impression that each round in Craigs weapon is meant for that particular officer. This again makes the audience feel that hes there to kill, not just to get away, condemning him as some sort of maniac. The next thing shown is Chris firing randomly into the air as he moves closer to the camera. It shows him as being much more confident than before, as though this event was his rite of passage, his destiny. His teeth are clenched, ready for war and he wears a crazy smile, as though he is indeed insane. This confidence is not shared by Bentley, however, who is shown to be scared and worried. Later on, the same actions are taking place but as Craig walks amongst the skylights on the roof they light up, signifying that police were now inside the building. Police are shown to be in the very stairwell that Derek and the DC are hiding behind. An officer approaches the door, but before he can open it, another says Here, let me. This is ironic as the next sequence of events will show. The colour inside this tiny room is once again gold, annotating these characters as friendly. As the first officer jumps out from the door to join up with his colleague he is immediately shot by Craig. As this happens, the speed of the film slows, showing you the full gore of the fall the policeman has to take. The music then turns low as if to say that wasnt a good idea . As DC Fairfax runs inside shouting Get me a fucking gun, Derek wanders to the body. The camera then switches to a different shot, this one as though the audience are in Dereks head. The camera tentatively swoops from normal eye level to the body and then back up. He then gazes back at Craig, muttering You shot him. Stay back. At this point the audience does know that Craig has turned into a maniac, rejecting one of his friends. Two officers then grab Derek and use him as a shield to retreat back to the stairs. This makes Bentley appear as just a tool rather than a person, the police regarding him as a means to an end rather that an end in itself. You bastard uttered a police officer lingering in the stairwell as the two grasped him in a head lock. Now the door was open the colour inside the building had changed, or been infected with the chilling blue. Because of that the police had changed from someone the audience could trust into someone to be wary of. Meanwhile, Craig continues to fire randomly into the air, shouting abuse at the people present, You aint getting up here that way copper, Come on then, Im only sixteen. This action shows the audience his insanity and the amount of courage he has because this statement makes the audience believe that he feels he can take on the world. Eventually DC Fairfax re-emerges with a revolver too. He bides his time, waiting behind the cover of the stairwell. After a burst of fire, the audience hear a click. It is clear to all but Craig what this means. Fairfax advances, into no mans land, ready to face off his opponent. Stay back, says Chris, pointing the gun at the detective. But he continues to advance. Click. Click, Click. Craigs out of ammunition. He begins to step backwards, away from Fairfax. In a desperate attempt to end it, Craig turns the gun on himself and pulls the trigger, braced for impact. Click Click Click. He now begins to whimper, Fairfax pushing him further and further away. In a last ditch attempt, Craig summersaults from the roof onto a nearby greenhouse. The siege had ended. Throughout the whole of the scene, chilling blue was used to amplify the feeling of dread the audience are already feeling. This case is well publicised in all types of media, although not all sources sympathise with Derek. The Daily mail, the best selling newspaper at the time, printed a highly sensationalised and inaccurate report which claims Craig was in possession of a sten gun, a fully automatic weapon of devastating proportions. After the battle they report a heroic chase of the gunmen, over rooftops and down fire escapes. This relates to the film well, as this is biased, but on the part of the police, a normal response to murder. Another curious aspect of the investigation is whether Bentley actually even said the words that eventually killed him. During the trial, Craig denied the words were said. One police officer confirmed this in his statement, writing, I did not write it down because I did not hear it. I did not hear it down because it was not said. Claude Pains statement was later lost by police. Controversy still shrouds this topic, and, indeed, the whole court cases truth. It has been suggested in the book Let Him Have It, Chris by M. J. Trow that the words that hung Bentley may have been borrowed from the case of Rex V. Appleby who was hung for inciting his accomplice to kill a policeman by shouting Let him have it, he is all alone. Did the police believe what had hung Appleby would hang Bentley? These statements point out yet more bias acts to swing the trial in favour of the police. It seems that there is much biased activity within the real life events as well as the film. While the director has chosen that the character should say these words, he has ignored the fact the police constable killed on the roof, Sydney Miles, was a father of two. This may have been omitted so as not to prevent the audience feeling sympathy towards Derek and even some sympathy towards Chris. The next scene is after the court case and the sentence has been passed. The family has campaigned Bentleys innocence and found many to believe this too. The trial, too, has been uncovered as a sham. It is discovered that Derek has the mental age of eleven and should never have been tried. Victory seems almost certain for the Bentleys, but their pleas for a pardon have been rejected. Many feel this an injustice. The scene starts with Dereks father walking out, into his street, and looking around in despair. Although this action is shown for a mere two seconds, if that, a lot can be deduced. His pace is slow, his face pensive. As he walks out, the postman greets him with just one letter, a great deal less than days before. The camera zooms out, to reveal the street empty. This creates a sense of solace, that no-one is there to support the family. The roads are lined with decaying leaves, a sign that Derek is missed, for it was his job to clear them up. Their position is important, too. They are all in the gutter, suggesting that the father, like the leaves, is in the gutter too. The leaves are also dying, a subliminal message of whats to come. The next event is the constant switching of shot from the cell of Derek to the familys sitting room with them all gathered round, supporting each other. Nothing happens during these scenes, but the family is shown expressing their emotions. The use of this technique shows a direct link between them and Derek. Once again, Derek, or at least his face, is bathed in an almost angelic light. Close ups of everyones faces are used to convey just how much emotion he family are feeling. This technique also causes the audience to feel their sadness with the family, as though they were a member of that family. The section following that is of Bentley sitting down, crouched forward, over himself like an animal trying to protect itself. The vicar is reciting the Lords Prayer and Derek is saying as much as he can. This action suggests he now has no-one that can help him but God. He has stopped denying the inevitable and has accepted it. Gold is the predominant colour in this scene, warming the characters involved as though they are saints. The prayer is also what was said by the little girl before she spots Craig and Bentley climbing over the gates of the factory. This provides a waypoint in the film the audience can revisit, as though to say What if? The family is shown in the living room once again, but this time from above. This effect makes it feel like Derek is looking down at them, as though already dead. It tell the audience that there is only one future for Derek. This reciting is interrupted, however, by the guard telling him its time in a more forceful way. As soon as the door is flung open, the colour inside the room is changed by that of the outside. It is now dark and blue once more, suggesting, quite rightly, that the mood inside the cell has changed. The ensuing action is very rapid, providing a harsh contrast between the relaxed readings of the vicar and the short, sharp officials. The first line said is Here, drink this. Once Derek has drunk the liquid the camera acts, once again, like the audience are looking at the events through Dereks perspective. This rapid series of events gives the audience an impression of force, that Derek is being pushed into something that should never have happened. The camera cuts to Dereks supporters outside the prison, showing he audience that even the general public believe what will happen is wrong, reinforcing the audiences belief. The camera shows the crowd and then pans upward, showing the large towers of the prison. This is to show that the government is more far powerful than the people below. The coat of arms lies on the wall, meant to signify justice. The audience are now mentally branding everyone running the prison as evil. The scene shows that everyone is behind Derek, and makes the viewers ask why? Why did this happen? The camera shows Derek being led to the gallows, between two lines of executioners. The camera pans around these lines, showing, once again, the full might of authority. It makes the audience as well as Bentley feel as though there is no way out, no going back. Derek is taken into the execution room, blindfolded and hung. Once the blindfold is added, the music stops and now all the audience can hear is Dereks loud breathing. This creates a sense of apprehension, like they dont want to see what is about to happen. The action is once again very rapid, like the executioners dont even want to be there. The room is dark and has no source of light apart from a small window. As the execution is completed, Dereks shoes are shown falling off his feet and hitting the floor. There is now a lingering shot of them. They symbolise Derek, in a way. They give the impression that this is all that is left of him. They also highlight his mental age once more as they arent tied. After Derek is killed, the camera flies up, out of the room and returns to the family. This could be his spirit, flying away and returning to his home and family once more. As this takes place, there is no music, just the scared and agitated breathing of Derek. As the spirit enters the home, the audience can see the colours have changed. What was once lit with gold and yellow is now illuminated using the same chilling blue of that fateful night. This signifies that the mood inside the house has changed from warm and welcoming to cold and unforgiving. The family are shown crying on each others shoulders and the camera pans round the room to the clock, which is now the only thing audible over the crying. As the whimpers grow louder, the clock stops. This signifies that time has run out for Derek. As the credits begin to roll, the crying is faded out and silence follows. Medak has used every tool at his disposal to promote sympathy for Bentley and his family. The lighting is dark and harsh when showing characters that bring Derek down, while those that are friendly towards him are lit using gold and yellow. The music is repetitive and unforgiving, creating links to previous scenes it the audiences mind. Often there are large gaps with no music whatsoever to emphasize the action taking place. The camera often switches from a third person view to the action as though it were Derek to show the audience exactly what he can see. The camera also persists in showing the audience of Dereks suffering. The dialogue of many other characters involves swearing regularly, but not in the case of Derek or his family. They are shown to be as near angelic as humanly possible. Dereks dialogue is childlike and predictable, another method of showing the audience his mental age. The director has achieved his goal tremendously well. The director, in my view, has strayed from the truth very little, but has neglected to include certain aspects of the story altogether to promote sympathy for Bentley and his family. The film is, indeed biased, and that is clear in the audiences mind as the film ends, but then, most people, having been given the opportunity to make this film, would have produced it as biased.

Essay --

As-salamu Alaikum to the Reader Bismillah Hir Raá ¸ ¥man Ir Raá ¸ ¥im†¦ Without an advocate for the poor, without a new state of mind in America, the country lies on the brink of anarchy. - Louis Farrakhan Economic independence for our people is the primary goal of the Nation of Islam. The Most Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan’s Economic Blueprint is a catalyst for the changes needed in our Nation so that economic independence can stop being a distant, future goal. If our people do not collectively amass our resources as in the time of Noah, we will be washed over with the debt and burden of our discrepancies and disbelief. The ECONOMIC Blueprint will aid in eradicating the mental, physical, and spiritual chains that come with economic dependency on a people that work to marginalize and oppress you. The knowledge of a blueprint for economic independence however, can only benefit a nation that implements their knowledge. The Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad says, â€Å"Mere belief accounts for nothing unless carried into practice.† Although, knowledge is powerful it can only work to the peoples b...

Narrative Reporting

Narrative reporting and introduction of OFR is an important development in corporate responsibility. The introduction of mandatory OFR made several companies race to meet with the requirements of the law. Subsequently, the OFR was made non mandatory again but awareness has been created. Every investor knows that he should look at the OFR of a company he seeks to invest in. If the OFR is missing it raises doubts about the credibility and the intentions of the company .In future even though the mandatory clause has been withdrawn, companies are likely to produce more comprehensive and informative OFR than ever before.Narrative reporting concentrates on presenting events and actions in certain order so that complications and problems are understood. Narrative reporting concentrates on the descriptions, events and facts that pertain to events, identifying the personnel who are involved and the manner in which the sequence of events took place. The OFR (Operating and financial review) is a report included in a company’s annual report and accounts that is published to meet the requirement of corporate governance that enumerates the operating activities and financial affairs of the company.In the UK the Operating and Financial Review was introduced with the purpose of increasing corporate responsibility. The purpose of this requirement was that social and environmental issues would be described in the OTR and this would provide a wider level of information to the shareholder. In addition, it was expected that the OTR would in a way compel companies to carry out external audit of these issues. Specifically it was intended that the OFR would provide better information to the investors on the likely performance of the companies during the financial year.The contents of the OFR should have an overview of the capital structure of the company and the financial characteristics of the company. In addition, the OFR was required to provide the main risks and uncertaintie s that faced the company. Further, the OFR was required to have descriptions of the brand strength, market strengths, company reputation and R&D, that is the resources that the company enjoyed in the market. Most importantly, the OFR required the companies to disclose the objectives and strategies of the company (Financial Reporting Council 2007).The OFR also required the companies to disclose its relationships with suppliers, customer and employees. In other words the company was required to disclose its relationship with the stakeholders of the company. The company was also required to comment on the reputation of the company, especially in relation to the society and the environment. Moreover, the company was required to comment on the impact the reputation would have on the future performance of the company (Yeldar. R. 2007).In the UK the OFR disclosures have been left to an extent to the directors of the company. Their views on the different points are critical in making the di sclosure useful to the company. Moreover, the government has focused on the OFR to fill the lacunae in reporting that traditional financial statements left in the annual reports (Morris. G, McKay. S & Oates. A, 2006). If the board is so inclined, then the OFR can simply be relegated to a public relations activity of the company.The point is that if companies choose not to include corporate responsibility issues in their OFR then there may be a need for a mandatory inclusion of corporate responsibility indicators in the OFR. Even though OFR is driving the companies to disclose corporate responsibility issues, the final decision to disclose remains with the companies (Gee. P, 2006). The OFRs are required to honestly disclose the performance, development and the position of the company to help the investor make better decisions. In addition, the OFRs are required to provide the salient factors and the important trend that affect the present financial performance and the future status o f the company. It is believed that not too many boards of directors will be eager to make an honest disclosure of these trends.To assess the current state of narrative reporting in the UK let us take a look at the review of narrative reporting published by the ASB on January 15, 2007. The report gives some areas of improvement that is the key performance indicators are missing in narrative reporting, the companies are not careful in their description of the principal risks and uncertainties and do not mention their approaches in mitigating these risks and uncertainties. What is most important is that forward looking information is not disclosed in the narrative reports.The review lauds the companies for reporting an increasing number of environmental, employee and social issues, the companies are giving good description of current developments and present performance and that the companies are providing more or less good descriptions of their current business, markets, strategic pla ns and objectives (Ploix. H, & Charkham. J 2005). The auditors are currently required to comment on whether the OFR is consistent with their knowledge of the Annual Report and accounts. However, it is often seen that currently the companies in their OFR often give spin over substance.The companies over emphasize their favorable performance and avoid mentioning their areas of weaknesses. It is expected that now the companies will be required to product a broader annual report and specify their non financial performance and plans for future. For example, Shell is the biggest emitter of greenhouse gases in the UK and has a share of 23% of all emissions from FTSE 100 companies but this is not mentioned in the OFR of the company. There are no specific plans either to reduce emissions. Similarly, BP and Scottish Power are responsible for 17% of the emissions but this is not clearly mentioned in their annual reports.The lacuna in the law is that the auditor is required to compare the OFR s tatements with the financial reports and accounts and check if the statements in the OFR are in agreement with financial reports and accounts. This does not require the auditor to mention the omissions that have been made from the OFR nor does the audit of the narrative statement require the board of directors to make statements that disclose the weaknesses of the company. It is clear that in case of Shell, BP and Scottish Power if their emission levels of greenhouse gases are mentioned and the weaknesses in their future plans of reducing these emissions are clearly delineated in their annual reports, then several ethical investors may decide to stay away from these companies (Cowan. N, 2006, p 137).The recent history of the OFR is that the OFR was first introduced in 1993 by the ASB. At that time it was not mandatory. The Companies Act 1985(Operating and Financial Review and Directors’ Report etc.) Regulations 2005 required quoted companies to prepare a compulsory OFR and ot her companies to include in their Directors’ Reports a business review. Small companies were exempt from the requirements of this regulation.The Accounting Standards Board issued an accompanying Reporting Standard that those companies that complied with the Reporting Standard 1 would be presumed to have met the OFR Regulations. In November, 2005 the Chancellor announced that the government wanted to do away with the need for quoted companies to prepare an OFR. In January 2006 the Repeal Regulation of 2005 came into force that did away with the need for quoted companies to make an OFR.The Reporting Standard 1 was converted into a Reporting Statement. This remains just as a guiding statement for companies that decided to produce an OFR (Vilers. C, 2006). In the next month that is February 2006 the government requested suggestions and comments on improving the narrative reporting requirements. In May 2006 the government publicized amendments to the Business Review legislation. F inally, in November 2006, The Companies Act was given the final assent. and the Business Review requirements are now given legal sanction.Gordon Brown’s decision to abandon the mandatory nature of the OFR has been supported by two arguments. First, the government claims it wants to reduce bureaucracy. Second, government feels that the new requirements for business review meet the EU requirements for narrative reporting. This is the official line of the government.. However, there are other reasons that are being given as the reason for the abolition of the compulsory clause. It is claimed that the abolition of the mandatory requirement is offered as an incentive to business to remain in the UK and to attract new businesses to the UK. It is a part of the race to make UK attractive to business investors.Several environmental organizations like Friends of Earth and NGOs have decided to file a law suit against the government to force it to see reason. They see the withdrawal of t he mandatory clause as signal to the business sector to continue with their environmentally baneful expansion plans. These organizations had been earlier clamoring for mandatory social and environmental reporting for businesses. From this perspective it seems that Gordon Brown’s decision is not a good one.There are other reasons given to support Gordon Brown’s decision. The claim is that more than 80% of the listed companies will voluntarily comply with the requirements of Reporting Statement and generate OFR statements. Those that do not will face investor reaction and comply with the Reporting Statement requirements. Those that persist in not producing an OFR voluntarily will be perceived as not transparent by the investing public. In addition, the proponents of the abolition of mandatory OFR aver that the size and the complexity of the annual reports daunting to most investors. In 2005 the average length of the annual reports was 71 pages. Adding to this only confus es the shareholders.Finally, the materiality get out clause has made the compulsory OFR ineffective. This has also allowed companies to get out of the need to report their weaknesses. However, we should not write off the OFR as dead. Every business knows that it should have an OFR to inform its shareholder. The need for qualitative, non-financial information has been created in the investors. If a company does not produce an OFR the investor may suspect it several faults. The end result will be that the shareholders will find it prudent to stay away from companies that do not produce a comprehensive OFR. There will be reputed persons who will stay away from the boards of companies that do not produce an OFR that meets the standard prescribed by the ASB.The OFR lives in the business review. The government is not compelling the companies to produce an OFR but the shareholders, investors and other stakeholders will compel the companies to produce and OFR. Environmental organizations an d NGOs will take up the matter with companies that do not report on social and environmental issues. Companies that refuse to make OFRs may be shunned by ethical investors, high profile employees and environmentally conscious business partners. The awareness has been created, guidelines have been drafted and the importance of corporate responsibility has been emblazoned. The OFR has taken on a life of its own and even without compulsion it will feature in the annual reports of most UK companies.As the consciousness of investors increases, as the top employees become choosier and as corporations become more environmentally sensitive, OFR will continue to thrive. There is no need to revive the mandatory clause. Enough consciousness has been created to make the corporate sector aware and alive to its reporting responsibilities, the Business Review is adequate for this purpose. Those companies that do not behave in a responsible manner will suffer because they will not be able to sustai n the interests of stakeholders that matter.To sum, there are a number of reasons given in support of the abolition of the mandatory clause and a number of reasons are being given for the reintroduction of mandatory requirements for OFR However, the importance of the OFA has been driven home to the companies, the investors and other stakeholders. Financial reporting alone does not give enough information to make a decision and he knows that an OFA is important. The OFA continues to live in the UK corporate world even after the mandatory clause has been abolished.References:Cowan. N, 2006 Risk Analysis and Evaluation, Lessons Professional Publishing..Financial Reporting Council 2007 ‘ASB Publishes Review of Narrative Reporting’. Retrieved on January 30, 2007 from http://www.frc.org.uk-Gee. P, 2006 UK GAAP for Business and Practice, ElsevierMorris. G, McKay. S & Oates. A, 2006 Finance Director’s Handbook, Elsevier.Ploix. H, & Charkham. J 2005 Keeping Better Company : Corporate Governance Ten Years on, Oxford University Press.Vilers. C, 2006, Corporate Reporting and Company Law, Cambridge University Press. 205 -209Yeldar. R. 2007 Accounting Standards Board Publishes Review of Narrative Reporting, Retrieved on January 30, 2007 from: http://ry.com/news/news/?id=3345

Yusuf Pathan

Yusuf Khan Pathan (born 17 November 1982 in Baroda) is an Indian cricketer. Pathan made his debut in first-class cricket in 2001/02. He is a powerful and aggressive right-handed batsman and a right-arm offbreak bowler. His half-brother Irfan Pathan is also an Indian cricketer. Though younger than Yusuf, it was Irfan who entered the Indian team first. Following his impressive performances in the 2007 Deodhar Trophy and the Inter-state domestic Twenty20 competition held in April 2007, Pathan was made a part of the Indian squad for the inaugural Twenty20 World Championship, held in South Africa in September 2007.He made his Twenty20 international debut in the final against Pakistan. He opened the batting for India in the match, and scored 15 runs in the process. [1] After a good domestic season in 2007/08, he was signed by the Rajasthan Royals in the Indian Premier League for USD 475,000 (INR 1. 9 crore). In the 2008 IPL season, he scored 435 runs and took 8 wickets. He recorded the sea son's fastest half century (from 21 balls) against the Deccan Chargers, and was also the Man of the Match in the final against the Chennai Super Kings.Following his good showing in the IPL, he was selected for the Indian one-day team. After the IPL though he played all the games in the Kitply Cup and Asia Cup he got to bat only four times. He couldn't perform very well with the bat and the ball in the Asia Cup and in the Kitply Cup and so he wasn't selected for the Series. against Sri Lanka. He performed well in domestic circuit and impressed the selectors and was selected for the England ODI series in November. He scored a fifty off just 29 balls in the second ODI against England in Indore, on his 26th birthday. [2].Yusuf had made his One-Day International debut for India against Pakistan at Dhaka on 10 June 2008. He became a regular feature of the national One-Day International team, but has yet to make his test debut [3]. Even though Pathan could not repeat his first IPL performa nce in the second season, he was selected in the Indian team to play the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 championships in England. In the second of the Super 8 matches of India, he made an unbeaten 33 from 17 balls against England, despite his team losing the game and crashing out of the tournament before the semi-finals.In late-2009, Pathan was dropped from the limited overs team after a series of unproductive performances and the allrounder's position was taken over by Ravindra Jadeja. In the final of the 2010 Duleep Trophy cricket tournament, Pathan scored a hundred in the first innings and a double hundred in the second and led his team West Zone to a three wicket win over South Zone. Pathan made 108 in the first innings and an unbeaten 210 from 190 balls in the second innings. This became a world record in cricket for the highest successful run chase in first class cricket history. 4] On 13 March 2010, Pathan scored a century off 37 balls, in an Indian Premier League match against Mumb ai Indians. The innings also included record 11 consecutive hits to the boundary (6, 6, 6, 6, 4, 4, 6, 4, 4, 4, 4). On 7th December 2010 Y Pathan scored his maiden century against New Zealand in the 4th ODI at Chinnaswamy stadium Bangalore,he scored 123 runs off 97 balls with 7 sixes and 7 fours and he named match of the match award. At the award distribution ceremony he stated that â€Å"this knock will boost my career†. [citation needed]

Vasco da Gama

The explorations and accomplishments of Vasco da Gama changed Portugal from a poor nation to one of the worlds greatest powers. His persona and exploits distinguished him as an influential pioneer who helped shape Portugal as a nation for the next 100 years. Vasco da Gama was born sometime in the 1460s near the Portuguese capital of Lisbon. Born into a wealthy and respected family of high-ranking soldiers, Gama also trained to be a soldier, although he was more interested in boats and navigation. When Gama was appointed to man an African slave boat on a small mission, he showed his skills as a navigator and was eventually promoted to captain. Over time, Gama became known as a talented navigator. Gama set out on his most important journey on July 8, 1497, sailing around the Cape of Good Hope to find a sea route to India. Portugal was hoping to establish direct trade with India to avoid the high tariffs charged by Arabs, who controlled trade throughout the Mediterranean at the time. The lucrative spice trade would increase Portugals wealth immeasurably. Gama consulted Bartolomeu Dias, the only man to sail around the Cape, about potential dangers and the most efficient way of circling the Cape. Dias advised him to go in a large arc to avoid coastal tides and fierce storms. He also told him, One more thing. Watch your men for mutiny. If my own hadnt rebelled I might have reached India seven years ago (Syme 21) . This advice saved Gama time and prevented possible catastrophe. Gama was at sea for over three months without seeing land, the longest period ever experienced by a crew, and was not threatened by mutiny. This was because he had the trust and respec! t of his crew, without which he would have been unable to complete his mission to find the route to India. Gama set off with four ships, the Sao Gabriel which carried about 240 tons, the Sao Rafael , 200 tons, the Sao Maria,150 to...

Awesome Cover Letter Examples for College Students to Engage Employers

Awesome Cover Letter Examples for College Students to Engage Employers Awesome Cover Letter Examples for College Students to Engage Employers Writing a cover letter for resume as an undergraduate or freshly graduated student is both an exciting and difficult prospect. While many students focus on writing their resumes in order to impress their future employers, it’s important to note that both your resume and the cover letter for resume you send are what make your application. They both serve as a way of communicating who you are and how the company you are applying for can benefit from having you. It’s a two-way street after all. Many students will complain that their cover letter wasn’t good enough and that’s why they were turned down. While it’s not impossible, the more probable cause was that they mass e-mailed a resume with a cover letter and crossed their fingers. This is not how you apply for an internship or a job position. It shows that you don’t care about your employer and only think about yourself. Let’s take a look at how you can write a cover letter for resume in order to get hired. Do your research The best way to come up with perfect content for your application paper is by doing research. What does your dream company do? How long are they in business? Who is their CEO? Any and all information that you find about the company that you are chasing for an internship will help you a great deal. It will show that you care about them and do your work thoroughly. You can look up some cover letter examples in order to have a better understanding of what a company is looking for in its interns. The most prominent and developed companies don’t look for your academic background but for your particular set of skills. The most sought after skill in the corporate world is leadership. The ability to manage people and projects. Not how high your grade was in a particular course. Adapt to your company’s needs and you will be on your way of earning that internship you are looking for. Adapt your writing There is a cover letter for resume example everywhere you look, and knowing which style and tone of voice to acquire in order to impress your employer is part of the writing process. Some of the cover letter examples for students offer very detailed and step-by-step guides on how to craft your cover letter. Make sure that you study each one in order to recognize what style you need to use for that particular company. Are you sending your application via e-mail or in an envelope? Sometimes the envelope might be a great idea considering that it’s a dying fashion. It will help you look professional and elegant; making sure that your cover letter for resume actually gets read. Manage expectations The fact of the matter is that you are not the only person applying for a particular internship. It doesn’t mean that you should panic, only think critically about the chances you have. The most common mistake many students make is that they think the cover letter for resume is the first thing that your future employers will read when they receive your application. While in some cases that might be true, your employer is more interested in your resume. If it is well written and has everything that that particular employer wants in an intern, he or she will read your cover letter. Only then will the cover letter for resume come into play when applying for an internship. This means that your resume must be on par with what the company is looking for. It has to be well written and formatted, but most importantly it needs to fill the employer with confidence that you are the right person for them. It also means that you have to adapt your cover letter to your employer. While students think of internship more than they do of the company providing it, this has proven wrong in practice. You letter must be hand-crafted to cater to that particular company and only then does it have a chance in impressing your employer and landing you an internship. Format your paper While it’s important to adapt your writing to your employer, it’s even more important to format the paper properly. Try looking at some cover letter examples for students. You should start your cover letter for resume by greeting the person reading it (by name, mind you). The introduction of your paper should contain the reason for why you are writing the application and how you specifically can help the company. Employers are interested into why they should hire you and what benefit they have from you. Be sure to get straight to the point as soon as possible and your cover letter for resume will do the trick. The next paragraph should focus on your particular skills and again, how they can benefit the company. Make sure to keep the narrative going forward and don’t use the same sentences twice. It’s unprofessional and the employer will get the impression that you don’t have anything else to say. Use the final paragraph to close your cover letter for resume and state that you are looking forward to getting a phone call or an e-mail from the company. Always make sure that you give the reader a call-to-action, something that you expect them to do after they finish reading. As you’ve probably noticed by now, there is no way to write one cover letter and send it to multiple companies hoping that they will contact you; because they won’t. Adapt to your company of choice and craft the paper according to the research you’ve previously done. Following these tips and ideas will greatly increase your chances of earning an internship. It doesn’t mean that your cover letter for resume will be perfect, but it will be that much more professional and true to whom you are. Put every bit of hard work and effort into crafting your resume and cover letter; you will soon realize that hard work does pay off.

Ancient Chinese Contributions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ancient Chinese Contributions - Essay Example China is the motherhood of various objects that have become an integral part of every house and office. The inventions suggested by ancient China concern every sphere of human life. They are created to make human life more interesting and convenient. Each of the above-mentioned inventions is very significant and useful for the whole world. Moreover, each of them has an interesting and unique history that is worth paying attention to. Every person saw or played with a kite at least once in his/her life. The first kites were applied by Chinese people. It happened approximately two thousand and eight hundred years ago. It is known that this object was created by Chinese philosophers – Mozi and Lu Ban (Backus 2002). It happened in the fifth century BC. However, the usage of kites was not the same as today. They were applied as a message for a rescue mission. Sometimes kites were used by Chinese people for various purposes – measuring distances, signalling, military communic ation, testing the wind and lifting people. Today people resort to the use of compass in order not to be lost at the forest or in any other unknown place. It is a good device to use in order to find out the right direction. However, today a few people know about the initial role of compass. It was created by Chinese people in order to fulfil various religious purposes. ... In fact, it is the father of modern calculators. Before the invention of abacus people had to use fingers and hands. It was not very convenient. So, China gave the world a better way to count various things. This invention appeared about 3000 B.C. (Challen 2005). This device consisted of beads and wood. It was not very difficult to carry or hold abacus. It is applied even today, when there are computers and calculators at all offices. However, it is still rather convenient to use abacus, because it helps to keep track of numbers.

Gun control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Gun control - Research Paper Example This law is, in effect, in many parts of the world. Even with the gun-control policy, gun ownership is still faced by many controversies and challenges. The Gun-control policy has a significant importance on the safety of people and ensuring that guns licensed are not used wrongly and addressing the challenges and controversies facing this policy will be imperative in meeting the objective of safety of individuals, societies and communities. The Gun Control Gun control is policies and laws that are designed to restrict gun ownership in a given jurisdiction. Most countries are concerned about the safety of the people. They license individuals to carry guns. Those licensed are supposed to use their guns for defense only. However, there are cases where the owners get false alarm and use their guns out of panic. At the same time, there are some people who feel they are secure enough and threaten other people using the gun they obtained (Hemenway 1). Some licensed gun holders may also use their guns inappropriately and for criminal purposes. This has made it a challenge for the gun-control policies and law makers. They do not know who to trust and who not to trust. The current regulations Any person in any country across the world has right to a licensed gun. However, there are regulations that come with this. ... Policy makers usually worry that a mentally ill person owing a gun can be disastrous to the society and have to ensure that applicants are sane. The third process involves providing reasons as to why the applicant would like to own a gun. In most countries, the applicant has to go the nearest police station for an interview. Once they provide all the reasons why they would like to own a gun, a police board evaluates the application. It is discussed by that board and decision made. It is important to note that the police have the right to disregard an applicant’s application without providing any reasons. If the police decide that the application is successful, the applicant has to prove that they know how to handle and use guns. If they do not know how to use, they have to enroll for a class on the same. The class may day a few days after which the applicant is provided with the gun and the permit. The newly licensed gun holder has to go through the requirements and conditions for using the gun (The New York Police Department 1). The terms and conditions for gun application and the process differ from country to country. They also differ in different parts of an individual country, especially countries that have a state system. This also differs if the applicant requires large guns for hunting or other purposes. The Gun Control Debate There has been a gun-control debate for the last decades. Of course, some support gun ownership while others do not. Most people apply for gun ownership for self-defense purposes. They claim that there are times they may be in danger, and guns may be important in protecting them. For example, a person could be walking down a dark alley at night only to come across criminals. If they

Globalization and Volkswagen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Globalization and Volkswagen - Essay Example Volkswagen was incorporated in the year 1937. Volkswagen group is regarded as one the globe’s foremost automobile manufactures with its headquarters situated in Wolfsburg at Germany.Volkswagen was incorporated in the year 1937. Volkswagen group is regarded as one the globe’s foremost automobile manufactures with its headquarters situated in Wolfsburg at Germany. By globalising its business activities, Volkswagen has not only spread its activities in all the five continents of the globe but also able to transfer its technology to these markets, has created local employment and by adding local contents in its products it has opened the doors for local businessmen and has offered jobs to local people, it has helped to nourish local industries in foreign markets and has achieved cost savings about 15 to 25% due to local contents. This research essay is going to analyse how Volkswagen has benefitted from the process of globalisation. Volkswagen and Globalisation Globalizatio n can be referred as an active method of liberlisation, integration of market across the extensive array of markets internationally from goods to labor and from capital to services and technology. Globalisation is footed on the principle of freedom: the freedom to have commerce with the rest of the globe and capitalise on each nation’s relative gains; the freedom to invest where returns on capital are deemed to be highest within a tolerable magnitude of risk and the freedom to establish business of country’s of one’s choice... MNCs hold strong places in all three channels of globalisation and by clarity, they vouch for all foreign direct investment ( FDI), they are very active in trade , with thirty percent of global trade taking place within the MNCs and not between the MNCs and they transfer the knowledge and the bulk of technology across borders through intrafirm business transactions , create employment in host countries , responsible for rapid growth of GDP in the host countries and can be said to be responsible for increasing the standard of living in the countries, they conduct the business. (Ervin & Smith, 2008, p.24). Thus, due to the poignant position of MNCs, globalisation can be referred as the business decisions made by the MNCs as regards to their international business activities under transforming scenarios of international competition. (Kleinert, 2004, p.3). Globalisation also refers to the liberalisation of financial flow. Financial liberalisation eventually increases economic growth, eff iciency and development by infusing new technical know and foreign investment. Economic liberalisation connotes introduction of policies like removal of credit controls, deregulation of interest rates, privatisation of banks controlled by government, elimination of credit controls, permitting foreign financial institutions in the domestic financial markets and relaxation of the bar on the entry of private sectors. In short, it can be said that liberalisation means removal all barriers from the inflow of capital outside the frontiers of a nation. (Ariccia, 2008, p.3). It is to be noted that one cannot expect that mere economic liberalisation cannot achieve inflow of capital as only about 14 nations could attract in excess of eighty-five percent of

The Hippie Movement, a Counterculture

The Hippie Movement, a Counterculture Carlee Campuzano A counterculture, as described by sociologists across the world, consists of a group that does not follow and/or rejects the simplest norms, values, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with their own. Countercultures can be controversial or just plain weird to members of society, but they have individual purposes that gave them significance at that time and even today. In the 1960s, the prominent Hippie Movement arose and sparked interest all over the United States through their rejection of cultural norms and values concerning dress, hairstyle, work, and raising children (Thomas). Make love not war, the hippies emphasized. This saying along with others summarizes the beliefs and motives of the Hippie Movement of the 1960s and 1970s. Influencing law, politics, and everyday life, hippies did not care what others thought of them in the slightest (The Hippie Movement). They lived happily while supporting political causes that they found best for the happiness and health of the people of our nation. Outside of political thinking, hippies had views of sex, drugs, and rock n roll that countered the popular cultural influences during the 60s. No hippie was the same as another, and their individualism contributed to the way they felt vibes or energies, and focused on liberty and self-expression (Issitt). Flowers, peace signs, bright colors, tie-dye, ripped jeans, and long hair and facial hair for men became the perceptible fashion for hippies as they wandered outside of the social norm (The Hippie Movement). Culture began to change in America during the post-World War II era, and once the Vietnam War began, hippies spoke out and became famous through their peaceful protests to bring the troops home. Historians pinpoint their locations of origin as mainly the Haight-Ashbury part of San Francisco, California, and the East Village of New York City (The Hippie Movement). Eventually the hippies gathered in small villages or areas of their own, and in 1965, the first hippie commune was established in the outskirts of Trinidad, Colorado entitled Drop City (Issitt). Among the first hippies, Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters in California and Oregon contributed to the counterculture, taking long road trips in colorful school buses, growing their hair long, wearing bizarre fashions, and taking the drug LSD, which was legal at this time (Cogswell). Smoking marijuana was also an important part of hippie culture, for they sought a life free of stress. Because of the youthful age of the hippies durin g their derivation, parents feared that their children would want to drop out of school and join the movement, desiring to take their own path of self-discovery (The Hippie Movement). The hippies reached their peak in historical significance during the summer of 1967, which history refers to as the Summer of Love. During this summer in San Francisco and numerous other cities across America, Canada, and Europe, hundreds of thousands of hippies gathered to express their value of free love. Here, their well-known nickname of the flower children surfaced. In 1969, the Woodstock Festival in New York marked another milestone for hippies, where they embraced music and peace. Jimi Hendrixs distinguished performance of the Star-Spangled Banner at this festival signified the political aspirations of the Hippie Movement: to reconsider general society and its impact on the people (Cogswell). Coverage of these events by the press led to a growth in the movement, but not for long. After the exultant time for hippies of the 60s, and after the Vietnam War concluded, their counterculture slowly declined due to crime, drug addiction, and maturing (Perera). The Hippie Movements ideo logy did not completely diminish because of the middle school and high school students during the 60s, who in the 70s and later decades continued aspects of hippie culture (Issitt). Elements of the Hippie Movement do still appear today in the 2000s, however, they are just not as controversial or odd as they were during their time of emergence. Developing a sociological perspective allows one to view the behavior of groups in a systematic way, and a sociological imagination gives one the ability to see the connection between the larger world and personal lives (Thomas). The hippie counterculture caught the eye of people all over the country as their cause spread, and soon enough philosophers, writers, musicians, activists, politicians, and the nations youth gathered inspiration from them. Hippies nearly invented the political stance of liberal, socially supporting a sexual revolution and feminism. During the decades of the counterculture, immense social conflict occurred within the United States; although political activism was not the main focus of the hippies, they brought attention to the wrongs of some conflicts, such as the Vietnam War, the civil rights struggle, the Cold War, and the nuclear disarmament movement. They also stood against government laws that banned recreational drugs. The peace symbol, which many Ameri cans know and love today, made its first appearance during the hippie era to symbolize nonviolence. Overall, the Hippie Movement impacted the entire world in the way that it strived for things uncommon in the American culture at the time, causing America to increase its introduction of international culture (Issitt). Ethnocentrism, or the tendency to view ones own culture as superior to all other cultures, definitely surfaced during the decades of the Hippie Movement (Thomas). Americans, especially those who were most patriotic, looked at hippies as inferior, weirdos, and a definite counterculture. Hippies celebrated any activity that brings pleasure, such as drugs, music, and sex, and the larger society viewed this aspect of their movement as provocative. The liberal hippies were living inside of a larger culture that they felt was dominated by conservative values and materialism. During the 60s, Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement angered some members of society, and the way in which hippies supported individual rights and freedoms arose similar feelings. Focusing on a pleasant society and cooperation as the peaceful pursuit of ones happiness, hippies were viewed as chaotic. The group is specifically depicted as a counterculture because of their emphasis on changes in major cu ltural stereotypes. Sex, for example, was looked at as a form of self-expression, passion, and love rather than something that should remain within marriages, a norm of this time period. Additionally, few Americans had concern for the environment in the early 60s, so the hippies environmentalism shed new light on a rising movement (Issitt). The hippies did not possess ethnocentrism as Americans did, for they viewed everyone as equal. Cultural relativism defines as the belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards (Thomas). Average Americans completely judged and criticized the hippies, looking at their movement as indiscriminate, unhygienic, and irresponsible. In a society where equality for women was not generally accepted, the hippie women leaving their homes to join the movement brought them the risk of severe judgement of others. Americans must have understood that the hippies acted the way that they did for a reason; they desired to express themselves and to rid their lives of negative energy. Sociologists refer to the behavior of the hippies as deviant behavior, which means they surely act opposite of the norm (Issitt). They did so because of their desire to alternate the demanding, negative aspects of American society. The Hippie Movement, although controversial at that time, appeals to me in the way that hippies supported peace and individualism, as do I. Apart from the drugs and crime, I admire the outlook on life in which the hippies braced; they sought stress-free lives where negativity is marginalized. They mainly focused on love, and I believe everyone should incorporate aspects of hippie ideology into their lives. They envisioned a world of cooperation and sharing where everyone spreads love to one another, and their pure love for the world inspires me to do the same. Their spirituality was the opposite of self-centered, which a majority of Americans had at the time and still do. Hippies were the ultimate model for the term counterculture, as a majority of sociologists would agree, and their movement overall served significantly to the world and sociology all together. References Cogswell, Ned. The History of the Hippie Cultural Movement. 16 November 2016. Culture Trip. Web. 7 March 2017. Issitt, Micah L. Hippies: A Guide to and American Subculture. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Press, 2009. Text. Perera, Thivanka . Why the Hippie Movement Declined . 29 September 2016. Culture Trip. Web. 7 March 2017. The Hippie Movement. n.d. Web. 2 March 2017. Thomas, W. LaVerne. Sociology. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston , 2003. Text.